Pengenalan

Dalam siri catatan blog sebelumnya

Saya menulis tentang pemasangan Raspbian pada Modul Pengiraan Raspberry dan kompilasi silang persediaan untuk QtCreator pada Ubuntu 20.

Catatan blog ini ialah kemas kini kepada - pada masa ini - versi terbaru 6.8 Qt, raspi OS Bookworm dan Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.

Prasyarat

Saya menggunakan perisian keras dan perisian berikut:

  • Raspberry Pi 4
  • raspi OS Bookworm, tanpa perisian yang disyorkan
  • Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
  • Qt 6.8
  • QtCreator 14.02

Nota

Jika anda mempunyai komputer riba atau komputer meja dengan teras RAM dan CPU yang mencukupi, anda boleh melakukan kompilasi silang dalam mesin maya. Tetapi saya membuat pengalaman, bahawa komputer asli jauh lebih pantas dan menghasilkan lebih sedikit ralat.

Sila lihat laluan fail dan alamat ip dalam contoh kod saya dan sesuaikan dengan keperluan anda.

Sediakan Raspberry Pi

  • Muat turun raspiOS daripada https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems
  • 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz: 64bit dengan OS Raspberry Pi dengan desktop (bukan dengan Perisian yang disyorkan)
  • Imej kilat ke kad SD dengan Balena Etcher
  • Ikut pemasangan dan jangan lupa tetapan untuk sambungan jauh (ssh)
  • Sambung ke RPi dengan ssh -> dalam kes saya ke alamat IP 192.168.2.167 dan pengguna pi -> daripada hos Ubuntu anda
ssh pi@192.168.2.167
  • Pasang perisian yang diperlukan:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libjpeg-dev libfontconfig1-dev libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libxkbcommon-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libgles2-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev gstreamer1.0-omx libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev  gstreamer1.0-alsa libvpx-dev libsrtp2-dev libsnappy-dev libnss3-dev "^libxcb.*" flex bison libxslt-dev ruby gperf libbz2-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev libxi6 libxcomposite1 libfreetype6-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev 
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libx11-dev freetds-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libatspi2.0-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpci-dev libcap-dev libxrandr-dev libdirectfb-dev libaudio-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev gdbserver
  • Buat folder untuk pemasangan Qt 6:
sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt6
  • Temui versi gcc, ld dan ldd. Kod sumber versi yang sama hendaklah dimuat turun untuk membina pengkompil silang kemudian.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ld --version
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ldd --version
ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.36-9+rpt2+deb12u8) 2.36
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
  • Lampirkan sekeping kod berikut pada penghujung ~/.bashrc dan kemas kini perubahan:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/qt6/lib/
source ~/.bashrc

Sediakan Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

  • Kemas kini kepada versi terkini pakej perisian:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
  • Pasang pakej berikut:
sudo apt-get install make build-essential libclang-dev ninja-build gcc git bison python3 gperf pkg-config libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libatspi2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev build-essential gawk git texinfo bison file wget libssl-dev gdbserver gdb-multiarch libxcb-cursor-dev

Bina versi cmake terkini daripada sumber:

cd ~
wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.30.5/cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
tar -xzvf cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.30.5
./bootstrap
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
# Update PATH Environment Variable
which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
export PATH=/usr/local/bin/cmake:$PATH
source ~/.bashrc
cmake --version

Bina gcc sebagai pengkompil silang

Muat turun kod sumber yang diperlukan. Anda harus mengubah suai arahan berikut mengikut keperluan anda. Buat masa saya membuat halaman ini, ialah:

  • GCC 12.2.0
  • Binutils 2.40 (versi LD)
  • GLIBC 2.36 (versi LDD)
cd ~
mkdir gcc_all && cd gcc_all
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/glibc/glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-12.2.0/gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux
tar xf binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
tar xf glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
tar xf gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
rm *.tar.*
cd gcc-12.2.0
contrib/download_prerequisites
  • Buat folder untuk pemasangan pengkompil.
sudo mkdir -p /opt/cross-pi-gcc
sudo chown $USER /opt/cross-pi-gcc
export PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin:$PATH
  • Salin pengepala kernel dalam folder di atas.
cd ~/gcc_all
cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7
make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu headers_install
  • Binutils.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils
../binutils-2.40/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-arch=armv8 --disable-multilib
make -j 8
make install
  • Edit gcc-12.2.0/libsanitizer/asan/asan_linux.cpp. Tambah sekeping kod berikut.
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif
  • Lakukan pembinaan separa gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc
../gcc-12.2.0/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j8 all-gcc
make install-gcc
  • Membina sebahagiannya Glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-glibc && cd build-glibc
../glibc-2.36/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu --build=$MACHTYPE --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-headers=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include --disable-multilib libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
make -j8 csu/subdir_lib
install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/libc.so
touch /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include/gnu/stubs.h
  • Kembali ke gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8 all-target-libgcc
make install-target-libgcc
  • Selesai membina glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-glibc
make -j8
make install
  • Selesai membina gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8
make install

Pada ketika ini, kami mempunyai rantaian alat pengkompil silang penuh dengan gcc. Folder gcc_all tidak diperlukan lagi. Anda boleh memadamkannya.</:code19:></:code18:></:code17:></:code16:></:code15:></:code14:></:code13:></:code12:></:code11:></:code10:></:code9:></:code8:></:code7:>

Bangunan Qt6

Terdapat dua kemungkinan untuk membina Qt6. Terdapat versi "single" (https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/single/qt-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz) untuk dimuat turun, yang mengandungi qtbase dan semua submodul. Ini adalah perkara yang sangat berat dan memerlukan banyak kuasa dan masa untuk menyusunnya.

Cadangan saya ialah, untuk menyusun qtbase sebagai asas dan selepas itu menyusun hanya setiap submodul yang anda perlukan secara berasingan.

  • Buat folder untuk sysroot dan qt6. Saya membuat folder ini dalam direktori workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation saya.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
mkdir rpi-sysroot rpi-sysroot/usr rpi-sysroot/opt
mkdir qt6 qt6/host qt6/pi qt6/host-build qt6/pi-build qt6/src
  • Muat turun kod sumber QtBase
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz

Bina Qt6 untuk hos

cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build/
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/qt6/host
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .

Perduaan akan berada dalam ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host

Bina Qt6 untuk rpi

Salin dan tampal beberapa folder daripada rpi menggunakan rsync melalui SSH.

cd ~
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/include workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr 
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/opt/vc workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/opt
  • Buat fail bernama toolchain.cmake dalam ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6. Anda perlu melaraskan baris "set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)" kepada persekitaran anda.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include_guard(GLOBAL)

set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)

# You should change location of sysroot to your needs.
set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)
set(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE aarch64-linux-gnu)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} $PKG_CONFIG_PATH:${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} /usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR} ${CMAKE_SYSROOT})

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-g++)

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -isystem=/usr/include -isystem=/usr/local/include -isystem=/usr/include/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")

set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS "-march=armv8-a")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O2 -pipe")
set(QT_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath-link=${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE} -Wl,-rpath-link=$HOME/qt6/pi/lib")

set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

include(CMakeInitializeConfigs)

function(cmake_initialize_per_config_variable _PREFIX _DOCSTRING)
  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(C|CXX|ASM)_FLAGS")
    set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
        
    foreach (config DEBUG RELEASE MINSIZEREL RELWITHDEBINFO)
      if (DEFINED QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config})
        set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_${config}_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config}}")
      endif()
    endforeach()
  endif()


  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(SHARED|MODULE|EXE)_LINKER_FLAGS")
    foreach (config SHARED MODULE EXE)
      set(CMAKE_${config}_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_LINKER_FLAGS}")
    endforeach()
  endif()

  _cmake_initialize_per_config_variable(${ARGV})
endfunction()

set(XCB_PATH_VARIABLE ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(GL_INC_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include)
set(GL_LIB_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)

set(EGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(EGL_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libEGL.so)

set(OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libOpenGL.so)

set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLIB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)

set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLESv2_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)

set(gbm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(gbm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libgbm.so)

set(Libdrm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(Libdrm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libdrm.so)

set(XCB_XCB_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(XCB_XCB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libxcb.so)

list(APPEND CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE})
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/cmake")
  • Betulkan pautan simbolik mutlak
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py 
python3 sysroot-relativelinks.py rpi-sysroot
  • Susun kod sumber untuk rpi.
cd $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DINPUT_opengl=es2 -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DQT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/qt6 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/toolchain.cmake -DQT_QMAKE_TARGET_MKSPEC=devices/linux-rasp-pi4-aarch64 -DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON -DFEATURE_xcb_xlib=ON -DQT_FEATURE_xlib=ON
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Hantar binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/local/qt6

Konfigurasikan QtCreator

  • Sediakan Pengkompil

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer
    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer
  • Sediakan Debuggers

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer
  • Sediakan Peranti

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer Uji sambungan dengan butang "Uji"
  • Sediakan Versi Qt

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer
  • Sediakan Kit

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan skrin komputer
  • Pada "Konfigurasi CMake" klik Tukar dan tambah arahan ikut.

-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:UNINITIALIZED=/home/pmy/qt6/pi/lib/cmake/Qt6/qt.toolchain.cmake

Tetapan Projek QtCreator

Jika anda membuat projek dalam QtCreator, anda perlu melaraskan konfigurasi "Run". Pada "Environment" anda perlu menambah:

-LD_LIBRARY_PATH=:/usr/local/qt6/lib/

Tambah Submodul Qt

Tambah modul QML

  • Muat turun kod sumber:
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz

Anda perlu menyemak kebergantungan pada ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml dan ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml.

Pastikan modul yang diperlukan hendaklah dibina dan dipasang terlebih dahulu.

  • Bina modul untuk hos.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Bina modul untuk rpi
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Hantar binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/local/qt6

Pengakuan

Sumber yang digunakan untuk membuat Arahan ini:

Terima kasih kepada semua.

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Dikemas kini pada: 16. October 2024
Masa membaca: 6 minutes